Adding new table columns which use the TimePeriod() function might help with this.
Examples:
Cost from 12 months ago
LY Cost = TimePeriod(Cost, -12)
Rolling 9-month total cost look-back
Rolling 9 Mo Cost Total = TimePeriod(Cost, -1) + TimePeriod(Cost, -2) + TimePeriod(Cost, -3) + TimePeriod(Cost, -4) + TimePeriod(Cost, -5) + TimePeriod(Cost, -6) + TimePeriod(Cost, -7) + TimePeriod(Cost, -8) + TimePeriod(Cost, -9)
If instead you want to see the total for the entire previous fiscal year (regardless of which time period is selected by a user at top center of screen), consider Apptio's built-in time options per metric: Right-click Cost in the Values section of the ad hoc query configuration dialog, then Value Field Settings > Last Fiscal Year, seen here:

The Value Field Settings options also include Last 12 Months (rolling look-back) to save you the trouble of creating a 12-piece TimePeriod() formula.