Lets consider an example Cost Source model object and Cost Source Master data table, So what are the ways we can extract all data present on Apptio TBM Studio into an excel rather than exporting on monthly basis.

"All data" is a pretty hefty requirement, as Cost Source Master Data (CSMD) will have several columns, each with different values. If you add the time dimension, it will turn into a 3D model, which cannot be (easily) represented/downloaded.

See also this other thread: link

You could have a report with all columns in CSMD, each for one period, e.g. a month, but you seem to want something that is not on a monthly basis, which bring us back to the 3D, cube problem. You could have them year-to-date, if that would suit your purpose.

I have a philosophical problem with your question: why have Apptio if you then export everything into Excel?

We do export parts of the cost model and feed them back into the financial systems, but it has to be done on a monthly basis.