Hello,
We're in the process of migrating from Java 8 to Java 21 on z/OS and are noticing a considerable zIIP usage increase in tests.

Our full e2e performance tests show an increased zIIP usage of around 15-20%.

JMH tests running on z/OS show a significant zIIP usage increase for some but not all benchmarks.

Specifically, benchmarks doing GZIP compression and decompression (using `_HZC_COMPRESSION_METHOD=hardware`) are showing a similar 15-20% increase zIIP time usage for the same workload.

I understand that Java 11+ on z/OS are a different JDK implementation from Java 8. We'd like to understand the reasons behind this increase and whether it's expected. Are there any recommendations for optimizing zIIP usage further when running Java 17+ on z/OS? Is this zIIP time increase expected? Anyone have any other similar benchmark results to share?

Tests ran on a z15.

This link states the following: https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/semeru-runtime-ce-z/21.0.0?topic=migrating-from-earlier-releases-semeru-certified-edition-zos

> In contrast to IBM Java 8, Semeru SDKs contain an intentional correction of what processing is dispatched to IBM z Integrated Information Processor (zIIP) that can cause an increment in general central processor (CP) usage for some specific workloads. The change is working as designed and corrects a situation in Java 8 where some processing was dispatched to zIIP when it was not zIIP eligible.

But it doesn't explain why the zIIP usage is higher in Java 17/21 compared to Java 8.

We'd appreciate any insights and comments from the IBM Java team or the community regarding this issue.

Thanks,
Roded