You are correct, an adapter can belong to only one client group.
An Integration Component is associated with a single adapter. When you use EI to create an Integration Component, EI automatically updates the adapter’s can pub/can sub rights for the document type being configured.
In addition to the can pub/sub rights, client groups identify the characteristics of the queues that are created for the group. Volatile/Guaranteed. Destroy on Disconnect/Explicit Destroy. Different adapters/clients may have different needs for these settings.
So adapter A might be of client group A, having rights to publish document types A, B and C and have a Volatile storage type and Destroy on Disconnect. Adapter B might be of client group B, having rights to subscribe to document types C, Y and Z and have Guaranteed storage type and Explicit Destroy. Adapter A can publish a document type C and Adapter B can subscribe to it.
HTH
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