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Deep Dive: Understanding QRadar’s SMB Tail Protocol for Windows and Application Log Collection

By Rishabh Parekh posted yesterday

  

Deep Dive: Understanding QRadar’s SMB Tail Protocol for Windows and Application Log Collection 

 

Introduction 

In large Windows ecosystem, log data is distributed across multiple systems - from domain controllers and Exchange servers to IIS and DHCP hosts. Managing and centralizing these logs efficiently is crucial for security monitoring, compliance, and forensic analysis. 

In environments where deploying collection agents or configuring direct log forwarding isn’t always feasible due to security policies, access restrictions, or performance considerations. 

This is where QRadar’s SMB Tail Protocol becomes invaluable - providing a secure, agentless, and automated way to collect, parse, and normalize logs directly from network-shared directories over the SMB protocol. 

By continuously monitoring shared folders for new or updated log files, SMB Tail ensures QRadar maintains nearly real-time visibility into critical events.  

What is SMB (Server Message Block)? 

SMB (Server Message Block) is a network file sharing protocol that allows systems to access files, printers, and serial ports over a network. It operates primarily over TCP/IP (port 445) and supports authenticated, session-based access to shared directories or resources. 

Key SMB Features: 

  • File and directory access: Read, write, and list shared files remotely. 

  • Session management: Supports authenticated and encrypted sessions. 

  • Opportunistic locking and caching: Improves performance for concurrent access. 

  • Protocol versions: SMB v1, v2, and v3 — each adding efficiency, reliability, and security improvements. 

SMB Version Overview: 

SMB Version 

Introduced 

Key Features 

Security  Level 

Recommended Use 

SMB v1 

1980s/1990s 

Basic file/ Printer Sharing 

Weak – Deprecated 

Avoid, legacy only 

SMB v2 

2006 (Vista/Server 2008) 

Improved performance, signing support 

Moderate 

Acceptable if v3 unsupported 

SMB v3 

2012 (Windows 8/Server 2012) 

Encryption, multichannel, persistent handles 

Strong 

Preferred and recommended 

  

Understanding SMB Tail Protocol in QRadar 

 

The SMB Tail Protocol in QRadar enables the platform to monitor and analyse Server Message Block (SMB)-based network traffic, which is widely used by Windows and other operating systems for file sharing and resource access. 

In QRadar, SMB Tail Protocol provides a mechanism to read log data directly from files stored on shared network. It’s analogous to continuously reading & detecting new lines added to a file and forwarding them in near real-time to QRadar. These logs depending on the originating system can include information such as user login activity, file access attempts, other operational and security events etc. Once ingested, QRadar parses and correlates these events to help analysts detect security anomalies 

Instead of pushing logs (like Syslog) or running agents, SMB Tail pulls logs from shared directories at configurable intervals, providing agentless visibility across distributed environments. 

This continuous monitoring allows QRadar to maintain visibility into Windows-based network behaviours — an essential part of threat detection and forensic investigations. 


 

Functional Flow: How SMB Tail Works in QRadar 

The SMB Tail Protocol follows a structured process to establish secure connections, read log data, and deliver events for parsing: 

 

 

How QRadar Uses SMB Tail for Common Microsoft Log Sources? 

QRadar supports several Protocols that internally rely on the SMB Tail Protocol to access remote log files: 

  • Retrieves events from files exported from Windows Event Viewer. 

  • Covers system, security, and application logs. 

  • Useful when WMI or WinCollect access is not possible (e.g., DMZ or isolated subnets). 

  • Reads message tracking logs and audit logs generated by Exchange servers. 

  • Helps security teams detect anomalies such as unexpected mailbox access, failed deliveries, or large outbound mail patterns. 

  • Accesses DHCP log files (DhcpSrvLog-*.log) to monitor lease allocations, IP renewals, and MAC-IP bindings. 

  • Critical for incident correlation - mapping IP addresses to endpoints during investigations. 

  • Monitors IIS web access and error logs for traffic patterns, failed logins, or exploit attempts. 

  • Enables detection of brute-force or SQL injection attacks on hosted applications. 

  • Reads listener.log files for database connection attempts and errors. 

  • Identifies unauthorized login attempts or configuration changes. 

Each of these Protocols leverages SMB Tail as a file transport layer, allowing consistent and secure access to shared log files across Windows or mixed environments. 


 Common Use Cases 

  • Agentless Collection  

When deploying agents is restricted due to policy or system limitations, SMB Tail offers a clean, agentless collection alternative. 

  • Centralized Log Repositories 

Many organizations aggregate application logs from multiple servers into a central Windows share. SMB Tail can monitor this location directly, reducing configuration complexity. 

  • Historical Log Import 

Analysts can mount archived log shares temporarily to QRadar and reprocess historical log data for incident reconstruction or audit analysis. 

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