Office of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of Expression, organized four expert workshops in the first half of 2021. These expert workshops unpacked and analysed the main challenges that AI tools pose to human rights, in particular, the right to freedom of expression and opinion, and media freedom and pluralism. The workshops focused on four main thematic issues:

• Content Moderation—Security AI-based tools deployed in content moderation to detect and evaluate illegal content online, including security threats, such as extremist and terrorist content.
• Content Moderation—Hate Speech AI-based tools used for detecting and evaluating potentially harmful but legal content, with a specific focus on online hate speech and algorithmic discriminatory bias.
• Content Curation—Media Pluralism AI-based tools designed for curating and personalising online content, with a focus on content recommender systems and their impact on media pluralism.
• Content Curation—Surveillance AI-based tools used in surveillance-based advertisement and their link to curating content through profiling of individuals and predicting future behaviours.

Out of these workshops emerged the Spotlight on Artificial Intelligence and Freedom of Expression manual. (SAIFE) 

https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/8/f/510332_1.pdf