Existence of variables in conditions is checked by just entering the variable name inside two %, so the existence of var is checked by %var%, the nonexistence by !%var%.
See Deveopers Users Guide Appendix D. Conditional Expressions - Checking for Variable Existence.
Afaik it is not possible to set a copy condition for a constant. But if you map you default value to a pipeline value in a step before you call the transformer, say defaultvar, and the varavle you want to check is a, the copy condition to check the existence is just %a%.
So draw a mapping from a to you transformer and enter the copy condition %a% and a mapping from defaultvar and set it’s copy condition to !%a%
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