Decision Optimization

Hi,
I am using the Java API to solve an optimization problem with CPLEX 12.6.3.0 on Windows 10. My issue is that the solver: sometimes work fine; sometimes starts solving and suddenly stop without any reasons and without sending any exit code; sometimes sends back the following error:

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffd16e365a9, pid=11012, tid=26108
#
# JRE version: OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8) (build 17.0.2+8)
# Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8, mixed mode, tiered, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, windows-amd64)
# Problematic frame:
# C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]
#
# No core dump will be written. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# https://github.com/adoptium/adoptium-support/issues
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

--------------- S U M M A R Y ------------

Command Line: -Xms56G -Dfile.encoding=Cp1252 -XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages mypack.Jfa_solve_exactly

Host: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10885H CPU @ 2.40GHz, 16 cores, 63G, Windows 10 , 64 bit Build 19041 (10.0.19041.1682)
Time: Tue Jul 19 14:46:10 2022 Eastern Daylight Time elapsed time: 0.820294 seconds (0d 0h 0m 0s)

--------------- T H R E A D ---------------

Current thread (0x0000020ccf0bbb70): JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_native, id=26108, stack(0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000)]

Stack: [0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000], sp=0x0000003d835fad40, free space=1003k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]

Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code)
j ilog.cplex.Cplex.CPXmipopt(JJ)I+0
j ilog.cplex.CplexI$SolveHandle.start()V+278
j ilog.cplex.CplexI.solve()V+12
j ilog.cplex.IloCplex.solve()Z+4
j mypack.prob.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+288
v ~StubRoutines::call_stub

siginfo: EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005), writing address 0x0000000000000000

The error log goes on.


The error doesn't seem to be related to the mathematical model because when I export the problem to a lp file, the CPLEX interactive optimizer of the command window can solve it successfully.

I have also tried various combination of constraints and various data samples, but the issue doesn't seem to be related to any specific constraint or data. I also tried simplifying my code to post it online, but as the code simplifies, the error disappears.

Any hint on how I could resolve my issue?

Thank you

------------------------------
Olivier B
------------------------------

#DecisionOptimization

Dear Olivier,

You are using a JDK which is probably too recent compared to this old version of the product.
If you don't wish to upgrade it, then please consider using either:
- IBM Java SDK 6.0.10
- IBM Java SDK/JRE 7.0.2
- Oracle Java SDK /JRE/JDK 7.0
- Sun Java SDK/JRE/JDK 6.0/1.6
I hope this helps,
Cheers,

------------------------------
Renaud Dumeur
------------------------------

Original Message:
Sent: Thu August 04, 2022 01:55 PM
From: Olivier B
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0


Hi,
I am using the Java API to solve an optimization problem with CPLEX 12.6.3.0 on Windows 10. My issue is that the solver: sometimes work fine; sometimes starts solving and suddenly stop without any reasons and without sending any exit code; sometimes sends back the following error:

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffd16e365a9, pid=11012, tid=26108
#
# JRE version: OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8) (build 17.0.2+8)
# Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8, mixed mode, tiered, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, windows-amd64)
# Problematic frame:
# C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]
#
# No core dump will be written. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# https://github.com/adoptium/adoptium-support/issues
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

--------------- S U M M A R Y ------------

Command Line: -Xms56G -Dfile.encoding=Cp1252 -XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages mypack.Jfa_solve_exactly

Host: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10885H CPU @ 2.40GHz, 16 cores, 63G, Windows 10 , 64 bit Build 19041 (10.0.19041.1682)
Time: Tue Jul 19 14:46:10 2022 Eastern Daylight Time elapsed time: 0.820294 seconds (0d 0h 0m 0s)

--------------- T H R E A D ---------------

Current thread (0x0000020ccf0bbb70): JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_native, id=26108, stack(0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000)]

Stack: [0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000], sp=0x0000003d835fad40, free space=1003k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]

Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code)
j ilog.cplex.Cplex.CPXmipopt(JJ)I+0
j ilog.cplex.CplexI$SolveHandle.start()V+278
j ilog.cplex.CplexI.solve()V+12
j ilog.cplex.IloCplex.solve()Z+4
j mypack.prob.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+288
v ~StubRoutines::call_stub

siginfo: EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005), writing address 0x0000000000000000

The error log goes on.


The error doesn't seem to be related to the mathematical model because when I export the problem to a lp file, the CPLEX interactive optimizer of the command window can solve it successfully.

I have also tried various combination of constraints and various data samples, but the issue doesn't seem to be related to any specific constraint or data. I also tried simplifying my code to post it online, but as the code simplifies, the error disappears.

Any hint on how I could resolve my issue?

Thank you

------------------------------
Olivier B
------------------------------

#DecisionOptimization

Thank you for your reply Renaud.

I installed another version of Java. However, I still get the error below.
Any other ideas?

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffe5bc665a9, pid=49032, tid=36048
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (7.0_79-b15) (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (24.79-b02 mixed mode windows-amd64 )
# Problematic frame:
# C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]
#
# Failed to write core dump. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

Regards,

------------------------------
Olivier B
------------------------------

Original Message:
Sent: Fri August 05, 2022 10:41 AM
From: Renaud Dumeur
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0

Dear Olivier,

You are using a JDK which is probably too recent compared to this old version of the product.
If you don't wish to upgrade it, then please consider using either:
- IBM Java SDK 6.0.10
- IBM Java SDK/JRE 7.0.2
- Oracle Java SDK /JRE/JDK 7.0
- Sun Java SDK/JRE/JDK 6.0/1.6
I hope this helps,
Cheers,

------------------------------
Renaud Dumeur

Original Message:
Sent: Thu August 04, 2022 01:55 PM
From: Olivier B
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0


Hi,
I am using the Java API to solve an optimization problem with CPLEX 12.6.3.0 on Windows 10. My issue is that the solver: sometimes work fine; sometimes starts solving and suddenly stop without any reasons and without sending any exit code; sometimes sends back the following error:

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffd16e365a9, pid=11012, tid=26108
#
# JRE version: OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8) (build 17.0.2+8)
# Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8, mixed mode, tiered, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, windows-amd64)
# Problematic frame:
# C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]
#
# No core dump will be written. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# https://github.com/adoptium/adoptium-support/issues
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

--------------- S U M M A R Y ------------

Command Line: -Xms56G -Dfile.encoding=Cp1252 -XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages mypack.Jfa_solve_exactly

Host: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10885H CPU @ 2.40GHz, 16 cores, 63G, Windows 10 , 64 bit Build 19041 (10.0.19041.1682)
Time: Tue Jul 19 14:46:10 2022 Eastern Daylight Time elapsed time: 0.820294 seconds (0d 0h 0m 0s)

--------------- T H R E A D ---------------

Current thread (0x0000020ccf0bbb70): JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_native, id=26108, stack(0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000)]

Stack: [0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000], sp=0x0000003d835fad40, free space=1003k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]

Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code)
j ilog.cplex.Cplex.CPXmipopt(JJ)I+0
j ilog.cplex.CplexI$SolveHandle.start()V+278
j ilog.cplex.CplexI.solve()V+12
j ilog.cplex.IloCplex.solve()Z+4
j mypack.prob.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+288
v ~StubRoutines::call_stub

siginfo: EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005), writing address 0x0000000000000000

The error log goes on.


The error doesn't seem to be related to the mathematical model because when I export the problem to a lp file, the CPLEX interactive optimizer of the command window can solve it successfully.

I have also tried various combination of constraints and various data samples, but the issue doesn't seem to be related to any specific constraint or data. I also tried simplifying my code to post it online, but as the code simplifies, the error disappears.

Any hint on how I could resolve my issue?

Thank you

------------------------------
Olivier B
------------------------------

#DecisionOptimization

Dear Olivier,
My first guess for this Java crash would be a memory error. I noticed that the JVM is configured with: -Xms56G
I suppose you are solving very large models.
Are you able to monitor memory usage during solve (e.g., using the Task Manager) and spot a peak in memory usage before the crash occurs ?
My Java is a bit rusty... adding:    -Xmx 64G   (or a bit less, depending on your machine) might also be worth trying
Regards,
Hugues

------------------------------
Hugues Juille
------------------------------

Original Message:
Sent: Mon August 22, 2022 09:09 AM
From: Olivier B
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0

Thank you for your reply Renaud.

I installed another version of Java. However, I still get the error below.
Any other ideas?

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffe5bc665a9, pid=49032, tid=36048
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (7.0_79-b15) (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (24.79-b02 mixed mode windows-amd64 )
# Problematic frame:
# C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]
#
# Failed to write core dump. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

Regards,

------------------------------
Olivier B

Original Message:
Sent: Fri August 05, 2022 10:41 AM
From: Renaud Dumeur
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0

Dear Olivier,

You are using a JDK which is probably too recent compared to this old version of the product.
If you don't wish to upgrade it, then please consider using either:
- IBM Java SDK 6.0.10
- IBM Java SDK/JRE 7.0.2
- Oracle Java SDK /JRE/JDK 7.0
- Sun Java SDK/JRE/JDK 6.0/1.6
I hope this helps,
Cheers,

------------------------------
Renaud Dumeur

Original Message:
Sent: Thu August 04, 2022 01:55 PM
From: Olivier B
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0


Hi,
I am using the Java API to solve an optimization problem with CPLEX 12.6.3.0 on Windows 10. My issue is that the solver: sometimes work fine; sometimes starts solving and suddenly stop without any reasons and without sending any exit code; sometimes sends back the following error:

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffd16e365a9, pid=11012, tid=26108
#
# JRE version: OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8) (build 17.0.2+8)
# Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8, mixed mode, tiered, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, windows-amd64)
# Problematic frame:
# C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]
#
# No core dump will be written. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# https://github.com/adoptium/adoptium-support/issues
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

--------------- S U M M A R Y ------------

Command Line: -Xms56G -Dfile.encoding=Cp1252 -XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages mypack.Jfa_solve_exactly

Host: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10885H CPU @ 2.40GHz, 16 cores, 63G, Windows 10 , 64 bit Build 19041 (10.0.19041.1682)
Time: Tue Jul 19 14:46:10 2022 Eastern Daylight Time elapsed time: 0.820294 seconds (0d 0h 0m 0s)

--------------- T H R E A D ---------------

Current thread (0x0000020ccf0bbb70): JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_native, id=26108, stack(0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000)]

Stack: [0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000], sp=0x0000003d835fad40, free space=1003k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]

Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code)
j ilog.cplex.Cplex.CPXmipopt(JJ)I+0
j ilog.cplex.CplexI$SolveHandle.start()V+278
j ilog.cplex.CplexI.solve()V+12
j ilog.cplex.IloCplex.solve()Z+4
j mypack.prob.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+288
v ~StubRoutines::call_stub

siginfo: EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005), writing address 0x0000000000000000

The error log goes on.


The error doesn't seem to be related to the mathematical model because when I export the problem to a lp file, the CPLEX interactive optimizer of the command window can solve it successfully.

I have also tried various combination of constraints and various data samples, but the issue doesn't seem to be related to any specific constraint or data. I also tried simplifying my code to post it online, but as the code simplifies, the error disappears.

Any hint on how I could resolve my issue?

Thank you

------------------------------
Olivier B
------------------------------

#DecisionOptimization

Hi,

Indeed, some of my models are larger, but it crashes even on small models. I added below the output I get from the console, and I think the numbers of rows and columns in the model are quite small. Nevertheless, I did monitor the memory and I don't see any peak.


Found incumbent of value 0.000000 after 0.00 sec. (0.03 ticks)
Tried aggregator 3 times.
MIP Presolve eliminated 239 rows and 165 columns.
MIP Presolve added 66 rows and 0 columns.
MIP Presolve modified 135 coefficients.
Aggregator did 35 substitutions.
Reduced MIP has 249 rows, 288 columns, and 993 nonzeros.
Reduced MIP has 171 binaries, 0 generals, 0 SOSs, and 0 indicators.
Presolve time = 0.00 sec. (2.21 ticks)
Probing fixed 2 vars, tightened 18 bounds.
Probing time = 0.02 sec. (0.63 ticks)
Cover probing fixed 0 vars, tightened 16 bounds.
Tried aggregator 1 time.
MIP Presolve eliminated 4 rows and 11 columns.
MIP Presolve modified 19 coefficients.
Reduced MIP has 245 rows, 277 columns, and 951 nonzeros.
Reduced MIP has 162 binaries, 0 generals, 0 SOSs, and 0 indicators.
Presolve time = 0.00 sec. (1.21 ticks)
Probing time = 0.00 sec. (0.52 ticks)
Cover probing fixed 0 vars, tightened 7 bounds.
Clique table members: 731.
MIP emphasis: balance optimality and feasibility.
MIP search method: dynamic search.
Parallel mode: deterministic, using up to 16 threads.
#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffe741d65a9, pid=55816, tid=29940
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (7.0_79-b15) (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (24.79-b02 mixed mode windows-amd64 compressed oops)
# Problematic frame:
# C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]
#
# Failed to write core dump. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# C:\Users\...\hs_err_pid55816.log
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

Regards,

------------------------------
Olivier B
------------------------------

Original Message:
Sent: Tue August 23, 2022 04:58 AM
From: Hugues Juille
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0

Dear Olivier,
My first guess for this Java crash would be a memory error. I noticed that the JVM is configured with: -Xms56G
I suppose you are solving very large models.
Are you able to monitor memory usage during solve (e.g., using the Task Manager) and spot a peak in memory usage before the crash occurs ?
My Java is a bit rusty... adding:    -Xmx 64G   (or a bit less, depending on your machine) might also be worth trying
Regards,
Hugues

------------------------------
Hugues Juille

Original Message:
Sent: Mon August 22, 2022 09:09 AM
From: Olivier B
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0

Thank you for your reply Renaud.

I installed another version of Java. However, I still get the error below.
Any other ideas?

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffe5bc665a9, pid=49032, tid=36048
#
# JRE version: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (7.0_79-b15) (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (24.79-b02 mixed mode windows-amd64 )
# Problematic frame:
# C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]
#
# Failed to write core dump. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

Regards,

------------------------------
Olivier B

Original Message:
Sent: Fri August 05, 2022 10:41 AM
From: Renaud Dumeur
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0

Dear Olivier,

You are using a JDK which is probably too recent compared to this old version of the product.
If you don't wish to upgrade it, then please consider using either:
- IBM Java SDK 6.0.10
- IBM Java SDK/JRE 7.0.2
- Oracle Java SDK /JRE/JDK 7.0
- Sun Java SDK/JRE/JDK 6.0/1.6
I hope this helps,
Cheers,

------------------------------
Renaud Dumeur

Original Message:
Sent: Thu August 04, 2022 01:55 PM
From: Olivier B
Subject: Issue with the Java API for CPLEX 12.6.3.0


Hi,
I am using the Java API to solve an optimization problem with CPLEX 12.6.3.0 on Windows 10. My issue is that the solver: sometimes work fine; sometimes starts solving and suddenly stop without any reasons and without sending any exit code; sometimes sends back the following error:

#
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffd16e365a9, pid=11012, tid=26108
#
# JRE version: OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8) (build 17.0.2+8)
# Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-17.0.2+8 (17.0.2+8, mixed mode, tiered, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, windows-amd64)
# Problematic frame:
# C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]
#
# No core dump will be written. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# https://github.com/adoptium/adoptium-support/issues
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
#

--------------- S U M M A R Y ------------

Command Line: -Xms56G -Dfile.encoding=Cp1252 -XX:+ShowCodeDetailsInExceptionMessages mypack.Jfa_solve_exactly

Host: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10885H CPU @ 2.40GHz, 16 cores, 63G, Windows 10 , 64 bit Build 19041 (10.0.19041.1682)
Time: Tue Jul 19 14:46:10 2022 Eastern Daylight Time elapsed time: 0.820294 seconds (0d 0h 0m 0s)

--------------- T H R E A D ---------------

Current thread (0x0000020ccf0bbb70): JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_native, id=26108, stack(0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000)]

Stack: [0x0000003d83500000,0x0000003d83600000], sp=0x0000003d835fad40, free space=1003k
Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)
C [cplex1263remotejni.dll+0x865a9]

Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code)
j ilog.cplex.Cplex.CPXmipopt(JJ)I+0
j ilog.cplex.CplexI$SolveHandle.start()V+278
j ilog.cplex.CplexI.solve()V+12
j ilog.cplex.IloCplex.solve()Z+4
j mypack.prob.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+288
v ~StubRoutines::call_stub

siginfo: EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005), writing address 0x0000000000000000

The error log goes on.


The error doesn't seem to be related to the mathematical model because when I export the problem to a lp file, the CPLEX interactive optimizer of the command window can solve it successfully.

I have also tried various combination of constraints and various data samples, but the issue doesn't seem to be related to any specific constraint or data. I also tried simplifying my code to post it online, but as the code simplifies, the error disappears.

Any hint on how I could resolve my issue?

Thank you

------------------------------
Olivier B
------------------------------

#DecisionOptimization