Decision Management (ODM,ADS)

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  • 1.  Decision Assurance-Effectiveness Measurement Approaches

    Posted Wed May 17, 2023 10:19 AM

    I'm looking to possibly determine what approaches may be available or applicable to provide assurance or measure the effectiveness of a rule or combination of rules within a ruleset in ODM.  For some background, we have an existing bespoke decision management tool that allows our analysts to see what rules matched based on which specific rule criteria and what values exist within that rule criteria matched the values in input document ( i.e. the input BoM ).  This visibility allows our analysts to determine the effectiveness/assurance of a specific rule in determining the correct/desired outcome for which the rule was developed and hence its effectiveness.  

    We are looking to replace the bespoke decision management system with an ODM based solution. As such we need to be able to deliver and demonstrate a similar level of visibility of rule execution to determine effectiveness/ assurance to our analysts.  It's our understanding that this type of rule, rule criteria and data matching introspection granularity is not available from within ODM.  As such, I'm interested in what approaches other ODM users have in place to enable Decision/Assurance/Effectiveness Measurement?

    Thanks

      Peter



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    Peter Brennan
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  • 2.  RE: Decision Assurance-Effectiveness Measurement Approaches

    IBM Champion
    Posted Thu May 18, 2023 10:27 AM

    Peter

    There are some great tools for doing this in ODM and we regularly use them when building solutions for customers as this kind of transparency and assurance is a common request. There are generally several elements

    • Testing using the ODM test framework to make sure that boundary conditions cause expected outcomes
    • Debugging specific issues using rule tracing and rule logs
    • The ODM simulation reports allow for the assessment of aggregate impact of proposed changes, before they have been deployed
    • Interim variables can be captured in the XOM and then saved to create a decision log

    We use decision modeling to capture requirements and design the solution. Decision modeling, using the DMN notation, decomposes decisions into a network of sub-decisions, allows logic to be normalized (similarly to how you would normalize data) and ensures the rules are structured the way the business users think of their problem.

    With a decision-model based approach, the testing framework can be applied effectively at each level in the decision model, allowing for thorough testing without an explosion of test cases. The model clearly defines the aggregates for the simulation report, so business owners can see how individual rule changes affect each element of their decision-making. And it ensures that the interim variables all have business meaning so the decision log created can be used to explain a decision and assure its accuracy.

    Drop me a line or connect on LinkedIn if you'd like to discuss further or see a demo of any of this. We an IBM partner and do a ton of work with ODM, almost all of which has these kind of transparency and assurance requirements. I'd be happy to share what we have learned.



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    James Taylor
    CEO
    Decision Management Solutions
    Palo Alto CA
    16504003029
    james@decisionmanagementsolutions.com
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  • 3.  RE: Decision Assurance-Effectiveness Measurement Approaches

    Posted Tue May 23, 2023 12:09 AM

    Thanks James.  I'll reach out to you separately to follow up.

    Cheers 

      Peter



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    Peter Brennan
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  • 4.  RE: Decision Assurance-Effectiveness Measurement Approaches

    Posted Fri May 19, 2023 08:07 AM

    Hi Peter,

    From a product management standpoint, getting to the granularity of which condition(s) triggered the execution of a particular rule has not been a common request. 
    ODM users tend to concentrate of building testing suite, checking that the expected outcome is met for each scenario, and possibly ensure that a particular rule got executed for a given scenario.
    If it's important to capture additional information when a rule is executed, rule authors can also add additional log print as part of the action section of the rule. 
    Another option is to use the rule debugger in Rule Designer and step through the execution and variables, when it's difficult to understand why an expected outcome is not met.



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    Antony Viaud
    Product Manager, IBM Decision Automation
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  • 5.  RE: Decision Assurance-Effectiveness Measurement Approaches

    Posted Tue May 23, 2023 01:37 AM

    Thanks for the response, Antony. We appreciate that these requirements may sit outside of the usual operational model for ODM.

    Cheers

       Peter



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    Peter Brennan
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  • 6.  RE: Decision Assurance-Effectiveness Measurement Approaches

    Posted Fri May 26, 2023 06:23 AM
    Edited by Peter Warde Fri May 26, 2023 02:18 PM

    Hi Peter

    Here is something I produced for a client recently that you might find useful.

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    Execution Trace and Decision Runner are the features that in ODM are  used to test and validate a ruleset.

    The Execution Trace is the information dynamically recorded as a result of a ruleset execution. This information can include:

    • All execution events such as the executed rule task and rule instances, and statistics about the total number or rules executed / not executed;

    • Information such as execution start date and execution duration;

    • Ruleset meta-data such as the ruleset path and internet address;

    You can find a full list of what can be recorded here. The trace can be used to understand how the rule engine computed the result of a ruleset execution.

    ODM Decision Runner enables testers in Decision Center to create business-friendly test files in Excel format for a given ruleset. A test file is used to create sufficient scenarios to test combinations of rules for given set of input and expected result values. The result can also include the values of an execution trace. Running the test in Decision Center produces a report showing any test errors and failures. If you need to test rule a stand-alone i.e. unit test a rule, you can follow the post How to unit test individual rule to understand how to do so.

    To understand when testing and tracing how combinations of rules work together, you have to have a good understanding of the ODM rule engine mechanics such as the execution algorithms RetePlus, FastPath, Sequential, and ruleset design. The order in which the rules are evaluated and executed can determine the final result and this can be complex where there are dependencies between rules i.e. the action part of one rule changes the state of data and variables in such a way that it alters the value of the conditional parts of other rules. It can end up being very hard to reason about and debug the ruleset execution. Rules that are fully declarative are always easier to understand and maintain and good design hides these complexities from business users.

    There are a number of other ways other than Decision Runner to get execution results and traces including:

    • Java APIs – you can use the ODM Java API's to programmatically execute a ruleset and get the execution result and trace using an IlrSessionRequest, IlrExecutionTrace, IlrSessionResponse. There is a sample here.

    • REST APIs - you can use the ODM REST APIs to execute a ruleset and get the execution result and trace. There is a sample here and REST API Test Tool which gets a simplified trace.

    • Decision Warehouse - Decision Warehouse can monitor ruleset executions in Rule Execution Server and stores the execution trace in a database. This can be useful for not only debugging but also for decision auditing. Using ruleset meta-data you can trace the deployed rules back to Decision Center and produce a report of natural language rules used in the ruleset. You can use the Decision REST API to get the execution trace from Decision Warehouse.

    • Logs - you can also set the log level of Rule Execution Server to provide a trace of execution messages and events. You add logging on Java XOM using the JDK logging API and integrate the output into the Rule Execution Server console.


    Both ODM supports DMN using decision model services. It is a "top-down decision-first" approach that decomposes a decision into sub-decisions, and implements the decision in Decision Center using the DMN notation. However rules can also be organized and structured using ODM rule projects and packages, and orchestrated at runtime with ruleflow and tasks. ODM calls this the "standard" approach.

    With decision model services you get a repository of decisions. With the standard approach you get a repository of rules.  The disadvantage of the decision model services is that each rule is tightly coupled to a decision and the rule cannot be re-used, analysed and refactored outside of the decision that contains it.

    A better approach is to create a repository of rules with a single business vocabulary, and use the ODM feature of Ruleset Extractors, which are akin to getting a subset of data with a SQL Select with a WHERE clause, to get the rules to build rulesets.  When this approach is used rules are loosely coupled to decisions, business vocabulary is consistent across decisions, and ODM analysis and refactoring tools work correctly. 


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    If you need any help do let me know. You can find me on LinkedIn together with articles that I have written on ODM.







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    Peter Warde
    peterwarde@rulearchitect.com
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